Diabetes Research

The field of diabetes research is dominated by studies testing drug therapies, and on higher carbohydrate containing diets which limit fats and recommend whole, complex grain based foods. We believe that research should be done which tests the hypothesis that a carbohydrate restricted diet can reverse many diabetic symptoms and help diabetics in controlling blood sugar and insulin levels, reduce associated disease risks, and improve markers for inflammation and heart disease.

For instance, recent research has shown that lowering RBP4 could be a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes. One of the unexpected players in the nutrition and metabolism story is a small protein called RBP4. Until recently known only as a retinol (vitamin A) binding protein, its appearance in blood was surprisingly discovered to be a correlate of insulin resistance. Beyond a simple association a number of very elegant experiments have supported the idea.

Other recent research on the effects of carbohydrate restriction on diabetes and associated conditions includes the following studies: (Note: Some of these papers require Adobe Acrobat Reader )

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2012

Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes. Hussain TA, Mathew TC, Dashti AA, Asfar S, Al-Zaid N, Dashti HM.

2011

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Review: Shifting the Paradigm. Adele H. Hite, Valerie Goldstein Berkowitz and Keith Berkowitz
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diabetes-specific formula in type 2 diabetic patients during tube feeding evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring. Yutaka Mori, Teruo Ohta, Takaaki Tanaka, Yoshiko Morohoshi, Kenichi Matsuura, Junichi Yokoyama, Kazunori Utsunomiya
High-protein low-carbohydrate diets: what is the rationale? Luca Busetto, Mariangela Marangon, Fabio De Stefano
Dietary prescriptions for the overweight patient: the potential benefits of low-carbohydrate diets in insulin resistance. M. W. Lee, K. Fujioka
Comparison of anthropometric and metabolic responses to a short-term carbohydrate restricted diet and exercise versus a traditional diet and exercise. GA Brown, AM Swendener, BS Shaw, I Shaw
Targeting dietary fat or glycemic load in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. A.N. Fabricatore, T.A. Wadden, C.B. Ebbeling, J.G. Thomas, V.A. Stallings, S. Schwartz, D.S. Ludwig
Effects of dietary fat modification on insulin sensitivity and on other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome—LIPGENE: a European randomized dietary intervention study. A C Tierney, J McMonagle, D I Shaw, H L Gulseth, O Helal, W H M Saris, J A Paniagua, I Goąbek-Leszczyñska, C Defoort, C M Williams, B Karsltröm, B Vessby, A Dembinska-Kiec, J López-Miranda, E E Blaak, C A Drevon, M J Gibney, J A Lovegrove and H M Roche
Central infusion of ketone bodies modulates body weight and hepatic insulin sensitivity by modifying hypothalamic leptin and insulin signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats. Park S, Kim da S, Daily JW
Reversal of Diabetic Nephropathy by a Ketogenic Diet. Michal M. Poplawski, Jason W. Mastaitis, Fumiko Isoda, Fabrizio Grosjean, Feng Zheng, Charles V. Mobbs
Chronic methylglyoxal infusion by minipump causes pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and induces type 2 diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. Arti Dhar, Indu Dhar, Bo Jiang, Kaushik M. Desai and Lingyun Wu
A Pilot Study of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet: An Effective Therapy for the Metabolic Syndrome. Joaquín Pérez-Guisado and Andrés Muñoz-Serrano

2010

Fad Diets in the Treatment of Diabetes by Richard Feinman
Carbohydrate quantity and quality and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study” Ivonne Sluijs, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Daphne L van der A, Annemieke M Spijkerman, Frank B Hu, Diederick E Grobbee, and Joline W Beulens . Conclusion: “Diets high in GL, GI, and starch and low in fiber were associated with an increased diabetes risk. Both carbohydrate quantity and quality seem to be important factors in diabetes prevention.
Revealing the molecular relationship between type 2 diabetes and the metabolic changes induced by a very-low-carbohydrate low-fat ketogenic diet, Judith Farrés, Albert Pujol, Mireia Coma, Jose Luis Ruiz, Jordi Naval, José Manuel Mas, Agustí Molins, Joan Fondevila, Patrick Aloy
A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective randomized intervention study. A. Elhayany, A. Lustman, R. Abel, J. Attal-Singer, S. Vinker
A high-fat diet inhibits the progression of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetic rats. Yukihito Ishii, Takeshi Ohta, Tomohiko Sasase, Hisayo Morinaga, Takahiro Hata, Katsuhiro Miyajima, Yoshiaki Katusda, Taku Masuyama, Masami Shinohara, Makoto Kakutani, Mutsuyoshi Matsushita
A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs Orlistat Plus a Low-Fat Diet for Weight Loss. William S. Yancy Jr, MD, MHS; Eric C. Westman, MD, MHS; Jennifer R. McDuffie, PhD, RD, MPH; Steven C. Grambow, PhD; Amy S. Jeffreys, MStat; Jamiyla Bolton, MS; Allison Chalecki, RD; Eugene Z. Oddone, MD, MHS
Effect of Strength and Endurance Training in Combination with Low Carbohydrate Diet in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. B. Heilmeyer1, B. F. H. Thomas
Pathogenesis of Fasting and Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Therapy. Robert A. Rizza
Diabetes Mellitus: A Diagnosis Too Late. Robert Su
Further decrease in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of a LoBAG30 diet for 10 weeks compared to 5 weeks in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Mary C Gannon, Heidi Hoover and Frank Q Nuttall
In the face of contradictory evidence: Report of the Dietary Guidelines for
Americans Committee. Adele H. Hite M.A.T., Richard David Feinman Ph.D., Gabriel E. Guzman Ph.D., Morton Satin M.Sc., Pamela A. Schoenfeld R.D., Richard J. Wood Ph.D.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Vasanti S. Malik, SCD, Barry M. Popkin, PHD, George A. Bray, MD, Jean-Pierre Després, PHD, Walter C. Willett, MD, DRPH and Frank B. Hu, MD, PHD
The role of fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Jung Sub Lim, Michele Mietus-Snyder, Annie Valente, Jean-Marc Schwarz and Robert H. Lustig
Carbohydrate intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in high BMI African American children. Sushma Sharma, Lindsay S Roberts, Robert H Lustig and Sharon E Fleming
Low carbohydrate ketogenic diet prevents the induction of diabetes using streptozotocin in rats. A. Al-Khalifa, T.C. Mathew, N.S. Al-Zaid, E. Mathew and H. Dashti

2009

Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study Tommy Jönsson, Yvonne Granfeldt, Bo Ahrén1, Ulla-Carin Branell, Gunvor Pålsson, Anita Hansson, Margareta Söderström and Staffan Lindeberg
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control in outpatients with severe type 2 diabetes. Hajime Haimoto, Tae Sasakabe, Kenji Wakai and Hiroyuki Umegaki
The Relationship between Dietary Fat and Fatty Acid Intake and Body Weight, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Edward L. Melanson, Arne Astrup and William T. Donahoo
Carbohydrate Restriction has a More Favorable Impact on the Metabolic Syndrome than a Low Fat Diet. Jeff S. Volek, Stephen D. Phinney, Cassandra E. Forsythe, Erin E. Quann, Richard J. Wood, Michael J. Puglisi, William J. Kraemer, Doug M. Bibus, Maria Luz Fernandez and Richard D. Feinman
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control in outpatients with severe type 2 diabetes. Hajime Haimoto, Tae Sasakabe, Kenji Wakai and Hiroyuki Umegaki
Effectiveness of Cinnamon for Lowering Hemoglobin A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Paul Crawford, MD, J Am Board Family Med 2009;22:507–512.
Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based cohort study Diabetologia, June, 2009
Abdominal Adiposity Is Associated With Elevated C-Reactive Protein Independent of BMI in Healthy Nonobese People Emanuela Lapice, MD, Simona Maione, BS, Lidia Patti, PHD, Paola Cipriano, BS, Angela A. Rivellese, MD, Gabriele Riccardi, MD and Olga Vaccaro, MD
Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure Koichi Node and Teruo Inoue Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
Therapeutic role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in diabetes Alaa Al-Khalifa, M.Sc.a, Thazhumpal Chacko Mathew, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.C.Path.,a,b, Naji S. Al- Zaid, B.Sc., Ph.D.d, Elizabeth Mathew, B.Sc.a, and Hussein M. Dashti, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.S., F.A.C.S.
Systematic Review: Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Tanika N. Kelly, PhD; Lydia A. Bazzano, MD, PhD; Vivian A. Fonseca, MD; Tina K. Thethi, MD; Kristi Reynolds, PhD; and Jiang He, MD, PhD
Carbohydrate Restriction, as a First-Line Dietary Intervention, Effectively Reduces Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome in Emirati Adults Taif Al-Sarraj, Hussein Saadi, Mariana C. Calle, Jeff S. Volek and Maria Luz Fernandez (abstract)
Glycemic control in newly diagnosed diabetes patients and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: 20-year follow-up of the HUNT Study in Norway Ane Cecilie Dale, Kristian Midthjell, Tom Ivar Nilsen, Rune Wiseth and Lars J. Vatten (abstract)
Effect of oral acetyl L-carnitine arginate on resting and postprandial blood biomarkers in pre-diabetics Richard J. Bloomer, Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman and Patrick S. Tucker, Nutrition & Metabolism June 2, 2009
Metabolic consequences of incorrect insulin administration techniques in aging subjects with diabetes
Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on the Need for Antihyperglycemic Drug Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes A Randomized Trial Katherine Esposito, MD, PhD; Maria Ida Maiorino, MD; Miryam Ciotola, MD; Carmen Di Palo, MD; Paola Scognamiglio, MD; Maurizio Gicchino, MD; Michela Petrizzo, MD; Franco Saccomanno, MD; Flora Beneduce, MD; Antonio Ceriello, MD; and Dario Giugliano, MD, PhD
Metabolic Syndrome and Changes in Body Fat From a Low-fat Diet and/or Exercise Randomized Controlled Trial Sarah M. Camhi1, Marcia L. Stefanick, Peter T. Katzmarzyk and Deborah R. Young

2008

Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction in the Treatment of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Richard D. Feinman, PhD, Jeff S. Volek, PhD, RD, and Eric C. Westman, MD, MHS
The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Westman EC, Yancy WS Jr, Mavropoulos JC, Marquart M, McDuffie JR
Low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Thomas L Halton, Simin Liu, JoAnn E Manson, and Frank B Hu
Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Anthony Accurso1, Richard K Bernstein2, Annika Dahlqvist, Boris Draznin, Richard D Feinman, Eugene J Fine, Amy Gleed, David B Jacobs, Gabriel Larson, Robert H Lustig, Anssi H Manninen, Samy I McFarlane, Katharine Morrison, Jørgen Vesti Nielsen, Uffe Ravnskov, Karl S Roth, Ricardo Silvestre, James R Sowers, Ralf Sundberg, Jeff S Volek, Eric C Westman, Richard J Wood, Jay Wortman and Mary C Vernon
Depression & Diabetes, JAMA June 18 2008
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group NEJM June 2008
Arguments in favor of ketogenic diets The Internet Journal of Nutrition & Wellness
Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal Nutrition & Metabolism 2008, 5:9doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-9
Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes: stable improvement of bodyweight and glycemic control during 44 months follow-up Jörgen V Nielsen and Eva A Joensson
Has carbohydrate-restriction been forgotten as atreatment for diabetes mellitus? A perspective on the ACCORD study design. E Westman, MD, M Vernon, MD

2007

Mechanisms for Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Glycemic Control in Middle-aged and Older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study Mechanisms for racial/ethnicdisparities in glycemic control are poorly understood. Arch Intern Med.2007;167:1853-1860.
Benefit of Nuts in Type 2 Diabetes